SameMouth

Goatsucker

2005-11-17T19:45:00.000-08:00

Alternative name of birds of the family Caprimulgidae, otherwise known as nightjars (q.v.). The name goatsucker is sometimes applied to the order, Caprimulgiform.

Saarinen, Eero

2005-07-28T13:30:00.000-07:00

Finnish-born U.S. architect who was one of the leaders in a trend toward exploration and experiment in American architectural design during the 1950s.

Levertin, Oscar Ivar

2005-07-26T19:05:00.000-07:00

Levertin was educated at Uppsala University and became in 1899 professor of literature at the University of Stockholm. After the death of his first wife and an attack of tuberculosis, which sent him to Davos, Switz., he abandoned his early Naturalism for

Pyramid

2005-07-24T08:00:00.000-07:00

In architecture, a monumental structure constructed of or faced with stone or brick and having a rectangular base and four sloping triangular (or sometimes trapezoidal) sides meeting at an apex (or truncated to form a platform). Pyramids have been built at various times in Egypt, The Sudan, Ethiopia, western Asia, Greece, Cyprus, Italy, India, Thailand, Mexico, South America,

Aymé, Marcel

2005-07-07T09:30:00.000-07:00

He grew up in the country among farmers, in a world of close-knit families bounded by the barnyard on one side, the schoolhouse on the other.

2005-07-07T09:25:00.000-07:00

African Literature, Xhosa

2005-07-05T15:00:00.000-07:00

As in Zulu literature, the themes of the heroic past and of the opposition between beneficent tradition and harsh modernity are much in evidence. The question of how best to come to terms with change is also central in Xhosa literature. Much important early writing, expressing Xhosa aspirations and views on Christianity and tradition, appeared in the Xhosa-language

Basil, Colonel W. De

2005-06-17T03:00:00.000-07:00

Original name Vasily Grigorievich Voskresensky Russian impresario who in 1932 became codirector with René Blum of the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo. He lost the celebrated premier danseur Léonide Massine and several other dancers to Blum, who, with a U.S. sponsoring agency (World Art), reorganized the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo with Massine as director. De Basil then formed a

Mauguin, Charles

2005-06-13T21:45:00.000-07:00

Mauguin was educated at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, and in 1919 he joined the Faculty of Sciences

Biblical Literature, Habakkuk

2005-06-02T17:05:00.000-07:00

The Book of Habakkuk, the eighth book of the Twelve (Minor) Prophets, was written by a prophet difficult to identify. He may have been a professional prophet of the Temple from the 7th century BCE (probably between 605–597 BCE). Containing three chapters, Habakkuk combines lamentation and oracle. In the first chapter, he cries out for Yahweh to help his people: “O Lord, how long shall I cry for

Steer Wrestling

2005-05-31T11:50:00.000-07:00

Also called bulldogging rodeo event in which a mounted cowboy chases a full-grown steer, dives from his horse on top of the animal, grasps its horns, digs his heels in the ground to bring the animal to a stop, and twists it to the ground. The event is timed from the moment a barrier in front of the cowboy is released to the moment the steer is judged down—i.e., flat on its side with all four legs and head in

Szent-györgyi, Albert

2005-05-17T02:55:00.000-07:00

Szent-Györgyi earned a medical degree from the University of Budapest in 1917. He became interested

Arriaga, Juan Cris�stomo

2005-03-15T19:35:00.000-08:00

In full �Juan Cris�stomo Jacobo Antonio Arriaga y Balzola� Spanish violinist and composer of extraordinary precocity whose potential was cut short by his early death. Stylistically, his music stands between the Classical tradition of Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and the Romanticism of Gioacchino Rossini and Franz Schubert; it shows abundant invention, freshness,

Leverkusen

2005-03-14T07:10:00.000-08:00

City, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), west-central Germany, on the Rhine River at the mouth of the Wupper River, in the Dh�nn valley just north of Cologne. Formed in 1930 by the union of the villages of Schlebusch, Rheindorf, and Steinb�chel with the town of Wiesdorf, it is well served by highway and rail and is the site of the Bayer Works (chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and photographic

Blood Pressure

2005-03-12T21:24:00.000-08:00

Force originating in the pumping action of the heart, exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels; the stretching of the vessels in response to this force and their subsequent contraction are important in maintaining blood flow through the vascular system. In human beings, blood pressure is usually measured indirectly over the brachial or femoral

New Hampshire Grants

2005-03-07T17:55:00.000-08:00

In the period before the American Revolution, the territory that subsequently became the state of Vermont. The area was initially claimed by New Hampshire, and the first land grant there was issued in 1749 by the first governor of New Hampshire, Benning Wentworth. By 1764, 131 townships had been chartered. New York, which also claimed the territory, began issuing grants of its own

Graves, Morris

2005-03-06T18:49:00.000-08:00

In full �Morris Cole Graves� American painter best known for introspective works that present a mystical view of nature. His style was greatly influenced by the three trips he made to East Asia between 1928 and 1930, and, like Mark Tobey, another painter of the Northwest school, Graves had a deep interest in Asian art and religion, including Zen

Puerto Carre�

2005-03-05T07:47:00.000-08:00

Capital of Vichada departamento, eastern Colombia, situated at the junction of the Meta and Orinoco rivers, across from Puerto P�ez, Venezuela. The easternmost of Colombia's urban centres and a potentially important port on the Orinoco River, the city is a collection centre for the cattle and livestock products, corn (maize), gums, and resins that are produced in the

Rivoli

2005-03-04T11:48:00.000-08:00

Town, Torino provincia, Piemonte (Piedmont) regione, northwestern Italy, just west of Turin (Torino). Once the favourite resort of the counts of Savoy, the town is dominated by a castle begun by Victor Amadeus II, king of Sicily and Sardinia, in 1712 on the site of an older structure. The house of the Green Count (Amadeus VI), dating from the 14th - 15th century, is typical of the elegant patrician

Qatar

2005-03-03T14:36:00.000-08:00

A monarchy (emirate) on the Arabian Peninsula, Qatar occupies a desert peninsula and the nearby small Hawar Islands (also claimed by Bahrain) on the west coast of the Persian Gulf. Area (including Hawar Islands): 11,427 sq km (4,412 sq mi). Pop. (1995 est.): 579,000. Cap.: Doha. Monetary unit: Qatar riyal, with (Oct. 6, 1995) an official rate of 3.64 riyals to U.S. $1 (5.76 riyals = �1 sterling). Emirs and prime ministers in 1995, Sheikh Khalifah ibn

Ram, Jagjivan

2005-03-02T09:12:00.000-08:00

Ram was born into an untouchable family and was among the first of his caste to receive a higher education. He attended Benares Hindu University and Calcutta University (B.Sc., 1931), becoming a member of Mohandas K. Gandhi's Congress Party in 1931. He played

Hadi, Al-

2005-03-01T20:40:00.000-08:00

Al-Hadi's persecution of the 'Alids, representatives of the Shi'ite sect of Islam, precipitated revolts in Medina, Egypt, and Iraq, all of which were put down brutally. Throughout his short reign, he struggled with the question of succession, attempting to annul the rights of his brother, Harun ar-Rashid, who was later to become one of the

Chandler, William Eaton

2005-02-28T19:47:00.000-08:00

After graduating from Harvard Law School in 1854, Chandler began a dual career in law and journalism. In 1863 he was elected to the New Hampshire legislature. He entered national politics when President

Bulbul

2005-02-27T11:05:00.000-08:00

Any of about 119 species of birds of the family Pycnonotidae (order Passeriformes) of Africa and Asia, including some called greenbuls and brownbuls. Members range in size from 14 to 28 cm (5.5 to 11 inches) long. They are active, noisy, plain-coloured birds that sometimes damage orchards. Representative of the 47 species of the genus Pycnonotus is the African bulbul (P. barbatus, including

Palladio, Andrea

2005-02-26T16:04:00.000-08:00

Palladio was born in the northern Italian region of the Veneto, where, as a youth, he was apprenticed to a sculptor in Padua until, at the age of 16, he moved to nearby Vicenza and enrolled in the guild of the bricklayers and stonemasons. He was employed as a mason in workshops specializing in monuments and decorative sculpture in the style of the Mannerist architect Michele

Palladio, Andrea

2005-02-25T09:03:00.000-08:00

The 300 genera of muroid rodents are classified within 18 subfamilies, but more than

Atherton Tableland

2005-02-24T15:30:00.000-08:00

Also called �Atherton Plateau, � highland region that is part of the Great Dividing Range (Eastern Highlands) in northeastern Queensland, Australia. The plateau region is bounded by the Palmer (north) and Burdekin (south) rivers and has an area of 12,000 square miles (31,000 square km). Its average elevation of 2,000 - 3,000 feet (600 - 900 m) induces relatively high rainfall, which, in conjunction with rich volcanic soils, makes the plateau

Lur

2005-02-23T06:08:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �lure � bronze horn, or trumpet, found in prehistoric Scandinavian excavations. It has a conical bore that extends in length from roughly 5 to 8 feet (1.5 to 2.5 metres) in a bent S-shape (somewhat resembling a mammoth tusk) and ends in an embossed metal disk. The mouthpiece of the lur is permanently affixed. Lurs are usually found in pairs and were probably played ritually.

Daffodil

2005-02-22T14:48:00.000-08:00

Also called �common daffodil�, or �trumpet narcissus (species Narcissus pseudonarcissus)� bulb-forming flowering plant of the genus Narcissus (q.v.), native to northern Europe and widely cultivated there and in North America. The daffodil grows to about 16 inches (41 cm) in height and has five or six leaves that grow from the bulb and are about 12 inches (30 cm) long. The stem bears one large yellow blossom with a corolla deeply cleft into six lobes and a central bell-shaped

Ringo, Johnny

2005-02-21T15:28:00.000-08:00

Not much is known of Ringo, not even his birthplace. He showed up first in Mason county, Texas, in 1875, where he was suspected of cattle rustling and arrested for a double murder. He escaped from jail, was re-arrested, and was released. He appeared next in Galeyville, N.M., in 1879, already possessing

Acciaccatura

2005-02-20T17:07:00.000-08:00

In music, ornamental note sometimes confused with appoggiatura (q.v.).

Dominoes

2005-02-19T08:02:00.000-08:00

The face of each piece is divided, by a line or ridge, into two squares, each of which is marked as would be a pair of dice, except that some squares are blank

World War I, The Armistice

2005-02-18T18:19:00.000-08:00

The Allies' armistice terms presented in the railway carriage at Rethondes were stiff. Germany was required to evacuate not only Belgium, France, and Alsace-Lorraine but also all the rest of the left (west) bank of the Rhine, and it had to neutralize that river's right bank between The Netherlands and Switzerland. The German troops in East Africa were to surrender; the

Submarine Fan

2005-02-17T17:55:00.000-08:00

Accumulation of land-derived sediment on the deep seafloor; in configuration, a fan is like the section of a very low cone, with its apex at the lower mouth of a submarine canyon incised into a continental slope. Submarine canyons have steep courses with high walls and funnel occasional dense slurries of water and terrigenous sediment (turbidity currents) to the abyssal

Arctic Fox

2005-02-16T08:16:00.000-08:00

Also called �White Fox, or Polar Fox� (species Alopex lagopus), northern fox of the family Canidae, found throughout the Arctic, usually on tundra or mountains near the sea. In adaptation to the climate, it has short, rounded ears, a short muzzle, and fur-covered soles. Its length is about 50 - 60 cm (20 - 24 inches), exclusive of the 30-centimetre tail; and its weight is about 3 - 8 kg (6.6 - 17 pounds). Coloration depends on whether the animal is

Harcourt, Sir William

2005-02-15T16:34:00.000-08:00

A lawyer from 1854, Harcourt briefly taught international law at the University of Cambridge. Entering the House of Commons in 1868, Harcourt served Prime

Mabillon, Jean

2005-02-14T04:01:00.000-08:00

T. Ruinart, Abr�g� de la vie de D.J.M. (1709), reprinted in 1933 as Mabillon; Henri Leclercq, Life, 2 vol. (1953 - 57); J.U. Bergkamp, Dom Jean Mabillon and the Benedictine Historical School of Saint-Maur (1928).

Dahshur

2005-02-13T06:58:00.000-08:00

Two of its five extant pyramids date from the 4th dynasty (c. 2575 - c. 2465 BC) and were built by King Snefru (2575 - 51). The earlier one, because

Biblical Literature, Italian versions

2005-02-12T07:07:00.000-08:00

These medieval versions were never made from the original languages. They were influenced by French and Proven�al renderings as well as by the form of the Latin Vulgate current

Hypertext

2005-02-11T14:00:00.000-08:00

Also called �Hyperlinking, � the linking of related pieces of information by electronic connections in order to allow a user easy access between them. Hypertext is a feature of some computer programs that allow the user of electronic media to select a word from text and receive additional information pertaining to that word, such as a definition or related references within the text. In the

Kerr, Jean

2005-02-10T08:48:00.000-08:00

Jean Collins graduated from Marywood College in Scranton in 1943, and in August of that year she married Walter F. Kerr, who was then a professor of drama at Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., and who later became

Great Dionysia

2005-02-09T10:38:00.000-08:00

The

Romania, Flag Of

2005-02-08T20:19:00.000-08:00

In 1834 the Ottoman government recognized local flags for use in Moldavia and Walachia, two principalities that later joined to form Romania. Their local flags were based on ancient heraldic banners - blue with an ox head (Moldavia) and yellow with an eagle (Walachia). Walachia also chose a naval ensign with horizontal stripes of red, blue, and yellow, colours later selected

Accused, Rights Of

2005-02-07T02:08:00.000-08:00

All legal systems provide, at least on paper, guarantees

Aerospace Industry, Lean manufacturing

2005-02-06T08:06:00.000-08:00

Consistent with improving the economics of aerospace vehicles is the transition to a new paradigm for the entire industry, from concept development to operations. This approach involves all processes pertaining to the acquisition, design, development, and manufacturing of a product or system and has been variously called �lean,� �agile,� or �synchronous� manufacturing.

Metal Point

2005-02-05T22:26:00.000-08:00

Descendant of the stylus of classical times and ancestor of the modern pencil, a small, sharpened metal rod used for drawing precise compositions on paper or parchment. The metal could be lead, silver, copper, or gold, but silverpoint was the most common choice because it is the most suited to permanent drawing, its stroke adhering unerasably. The silverpoint was of

Dahlbergh, Eric, Count (greve)

2005-02-04T18:03:00.000-08:00

After serving as an engineer (1655 - 57) in Sweden's Polish campaign, Dahlbergh returned to fight

Van Gennip, Yvonne

2005-02-03T11:15:00.000-08:00

At the start of the 1988 Games in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, much of the attention in the women's speed-skating competition was focused on the East German team, which had dominated at the previous Olympics, capturing

Arrest

2005-02-02T15:47:00.000-08:00

Placing of a person in custody or under restraint, usually for the purpose of compelling obedience to the law. If the arrest occurs in the course of criminal procedure, the purpose of the restraint is to hold the person for answer to a criminal charge or to prevent him from committing an offense. In civil proceedings, the purpose is to hold the person to a demand made against

Visconti, Luchino

2005-02-01T20:25:00.000-08:00

In full �Don Luchino Visconti, Conte (count) Di Modrone� Italian motion-picture director whose realistic treatment of individuals caught in the conflicts of modern society contributed significantly to the post-World War II revolution in Italian filmmaking and earned him the title of father of Neorealism. He also established himself as an innovative theatrical and opera director in the years

Lipset, Seymour Martin

2005-01-31T08:56:00.000-08:00

After receiving his B.S. from City College of New York (1943), Lipset was a lecturer at the University of Toronto (1946 - 48) and then an assistant professor at the University of California,

Morris

2005-01-30T17:07:00.000-08:00

County, northern New Jersey, U.S., bounded by the Musconetcong River and Lake Hopatcong to the west, the Pequannock and Pompton rivers to the north, and the Passaic River to the east. It consists largely of a piedmont and upland region, with swampy lowlands in the southeast, and is drained by the Black, Rockaway, and Raritan (south branch) rivers. Among its numerous lakes are

Frederick Charles, Prince Of Prussia

2005-01-29T07:18:00.000-08:00

The eldest son of Prince Charles of Prussia and nephew of the future German emperor William I, Frederick Charles was educated from childhood for a military career. He became a colonel in 1852 and a major general in 1854, in which year he married Princess

Resolution

2005-01-28T21:07:00.000-08:00

In chemistry, any process by which a mixture called a racemate (q.v.) is separated into its two constituent enantiomorphs. (Enantiomorphs are pairs of substances that have dissymmetric arrangements of atoms and structures that are nonsuperposable mirror images of one another.) Two important methods of resolution were employed by Louis Pasteur. The first of these,

Anaximenes Of Miletus

2005-01-27T08:09:00.000-08:00

Anaximenes substituted aer (�mist,� �vapour,� �air�) for his predecessors'

Progressive Party

2005-01-26T05:01:00.000-08:00

(1924), in the United States, a short-lived independent political party assembled for the 1924 presidential election by forces dissatisfied with the conservative attitudes and programs of the Democrats and Republicans. The Progressive Party included liberals, agrarians, Republican progressives, socialists, and labour representatives. It chose as its presidential candidate Senator Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin, who in 1911 had organized what became an independent party formally called the Progressive but generally known as the Bull Moose Party (q.v.). The 1924 Progressives pledged a �housecleaning� of executive departments, public control of natural resources, public ownership of railways, and tax reduction. The party polled only some 17 percent of the popular vote and did not influence the election, in which President Calvin Coolidge and the Republicans won a majority. The Progressive Party dissolved when La Follette died the following year.

Europe

2005-01-25T21:31:00.000-08:00

Second smallest of the world's continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the world's total land area. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south (west to east) by the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Kuma and Manych rivers, and the Caspian Sea. The

Atchison

2005-01-24T04:33:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1855) of Atchison county, northeastern Kansas, U.S., on the Missouri River. A French trading post at the site of the present city was the embarkation point, in 1804, for the Lewis and Clark expedition. Founded in 1854 by a group of proslavery settlers, it was named for their leader, David Rice Atchison, a U.S. senator from Missouri. It developed as a focus for rail and river traffic, and

Gama, (jos�) Bas�lio Da

2005-01-23T02:21:00.000-08:00

Gama completed his novitiate with the Jesuits in 1759. In that same year the order was expelled from Brazil and all other Portuguese

Jordan, Biblical associations

2005-01-22T21:44:00.000-08:00

Biblical accounts of the area, dating from the Middle Bronze Age onward, mention kingdoms such as Gilead in the north, Moab in central Jordan, and Midian in the south. At the time of the Exodus, the Israelites tried to pass through Edom in southern Jordan but were refused permission. They were at first repelled by the Amorites, whom they later defeated. The Israelite tribes

Baseball

2005-01-21T09:52:00.000-08:00

Mark McGwire of the St. Louis Cardinals and Sammy Sosa of the Chicago Cubs, the two sluggers who shattered major league baseball's existing home-run records in 1998, staged a reprise in 1999, with 65 and 63 home runs, respectively. Offense overall throughout both the National League (NL) and the American League (AL) increased substantially; the total home-run output of 5,528 broke the previous

Computers, The personal computer revolution

2005-01-20T09:15:00.000-08:00

Michael S. Malone, The Big Score: The Billion-Dollar Story of Silicon Valley (1985), explains how the invention of the semiconductor transformed Silicon Valley.

Benserade, Isaac De

2005-01-19T09:42:00.000-08:00

Benserade began visiting the salon of the Marquise de Rambouillet, the literary centre of Paris, in 1634 and wrote a succession of romantic verses that won him a reputation culminating in the �sonnets controversy� of 1649, in which his sonnet �Job� was

Lizard, Annotated classification

2005-01-18T02:33:00.000-08:00

Reptiles with a single temporal opening lying above the bar formed by postorbital and squamosal

Liszt, Franz

2005-01-17T08:14:00.000-08:00

In 1869 Liszt was invited to return to Weimar by the grand duke to give master classes in piano playing, and two years later he was asked to do the same in Budapest. From then until the end of his life he divided his time between Rome, Weimar, and Budapest. After a reconciliation with Wagner in 1872, Liszt regularly attended the Bayreuth festivals. He appeared occasionally as a pianist

Yak

2005-01-16T16:15:00.000-08:00

Some large yak bulls attain heights of about 1.8 m (6 feet) at the shoulder hump; cows and domesticated varieties are much smaller. The hair of wild yak is black and short, except on the flanks and tail where it forms a long, shaggy fringe.

Scherchen, Hermann

2005-01-15T10:50:00.000-08:00

Scherchen was musically self-taught. Early in his career he played the viola, and for a time he toured with the Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg. Interned in Russia during World War I, he returned to Berlin after

Maarib

2005-01-14T18:16:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Maariv, �plural �Maaribim, or Maarivim, �Hebrew �Ma'ariv � (�who brings on twilight�), Jewish evening prayers recited after sunset; the name derives from one of the opening words of the first prayer. Maarib consists essentially of the Shema, with its accompanying benedictions, and the amidah. The Shema expresses the central theme of Jewish worship: �Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God is one Lord� (Deuteronomy 6:4), while the amidah is composed

Bharavi

2005-01-13T19:03:00.000-08:00

Bharavi probably hailed from southern India and flourished during the reigns of

Lan-chou

2005-01-12T17:06:00.000-08:00

Pinyin �Lanzhou, �conventional �Lanchow � city, capital of Kansu province (sheng), China. It is situated on the upper course of the Huang Ho (Yellow River), where the river emerges from the mountains. Lan-chou has been a centre since early times, being at the southern end of the route leading via the Kansu Corridor across Central Asia; it also commands the approaches to the ancient capital area of Ch'ang-an (modern Sian

Scandinavian Literature, Norway

2005-01-10T07:07:00.000-08:00

Several of Denmark's leading writers of the 18th century were of Norwegian birth, preeminently Ludvig Holberg and the members of Det Norske Selskab (the Norwegian Society). Established in Copenhagen in 1772 by a group of resident Norwegians, it looked to French rather than to German and English literature for models. Within Norway itself there was little overt literary

Selfridge, Harry Gordon

2005-01-09T06:12:00.000-08:00

The son of a small storekeeper in Wisconsin, Selfridge at age 21 joined the wholesale-retail firm of Field, Leiter and Company (later Marshall Field and Company) in Chicago, where he worked for 25 years and became a junior partner. In 1906 he went to England with a fortune and began to build a large department

France, History Of, Gaul under the late Roman Empire (c. 250 - c. 400)

2005-01-08T15:48:00.000-08:00

High Roman Gaul came to an end in an empirewide crisis characterized by foreign invasions and a rapid succession of rulers, as increased pressure on the empire's frontiers exacerbated its internal economic and political weaknesses. Priority was given to holding the Danube and the East; despite sporadic visits by emperors, the West was neglected. In 260 and 276 Gaul suffered

Strabismus

2005-01-07T11:36:00.000-08:00

Also called �squint�, or �heterotropia� failure of the eyes to align properly on the object toward which a person seeks to direct his gaze. The deviant eye may be directed inward, toward the other eye (cross-eye, or esotropia); outward, away from the other eye (walleye, or exotropia); upward (hypertropia); or downward (hypotropia). The squint is called comitant if the deviation remains constant no matter in what direction

Wage And Salary

2005-01-06T15:56:00.000-08:00

The bargaining theory of wages holds that wages, hours, and working conditions are determined by the relative bargaining strength of the parties to the agreement. Smith hinted at such a theory when he noted that employers had greater bargaining strength than employees, because it was easier for employers to combine in opposition to employees' demands and also

Great Alfold

2005-01-05T18:06:00.000-08:00

Hungarian �Nagy-Alf�ld, �Nagy Magyar Alf�ld�, or �Alf�ld�, English �Great Hungarian Plain� a flat, fertile lowland, southeastern Hungary, also extending into eastern Croatia, northern Yugoslavia, and western Romania. Its area is 40,000 square miles (100,000 square km), about half in Hungary. In its natural state the Great Alfold is a steppeland broken up with floodplain groves and swamps - a southwestern projection of the Russian steppes. In Hungary flood control, irrigation,

Silo�, Diego De

2005-01-04T02:54:00.000-08:00

The son of the sculptor Gil

Cone, Claribel; And Cone, Etta

2005-01-03T13:04:00.000-08:00

The Cone sisters, daughters of German immigrant parents, grew up in Baltimore, Maryland. Claribel

Zoning

2005-01-02T03:58:00.000-08:00

The legislative method of controlling land use by regulating such considerations as the type of buildings (e.g., commercial or residential) that may be erected and the population density. Applied primarily to urban areas, it is accomplished by dividing land area into zoning districts, each having specific conditions under which land and buildings may be legally

Epirus

2005-01-01T21:39:00.000-08:00

Modern Greek ��piros, � coastal region of northwestern Greece and southern Albania. It extends from Valona Bay (Gji i Vlor�s) in Albania (northwest) to the Gulf of Arta (southeast); its hinterland extends eastward to the watershed of the Pindus Mountains. The nomoi (departments) of �rta, Io�nnina, Pr�veza (qq.v.), and Thesprot�a make up the Greek part of Epirus. The Pindus Mountains separate Epirus

Wyspianski, Stanislaw

2004-12-31T06:26:00.000-08:00

Wyspianski's early education included classical literature and fine arts. In 1890 he received a grant enabling him

St�del Art Institute And Municipal Gallery

2004-12-30T14:56:00.000-08:00

German �St�delsches Kunstinstitut Und St�dtische Galerie, � museum of art located in Frankfurt am Main, Ger. It was founded in 1816 by a bequest from the banker Johann Friedrich St�del (1728 - 1816), who donated his fortune and his art collection to found the institution as an art museum and art school. The institute opened its art collection to the public in 1817. The museum contains examples of work from most of the western European schools of painting

Haedo Range

2004-12-29T17:00:00.000-08:00

Also called �Haedo Ridge,� or �Haedo Hills,� Spanish �Cuchilla de Haedo,� range of hills, north-central Uruguay. With the Grande Range (Cuchilla Grande) to the east, it defines the basin of the Negro River, Uruguay's major river. The range extends southward from a rugged highland area near the Brazilian border for approximately 125 miles (200 km) and terminates at the confluence of the Negro and Uruguay rivers, the Rinc�n de las Gallinas. It separates

Armstrong, Lance

2004-12-28T14:16:00.000-08:00

Armstrong entered sports at a young age, excelling in both swimming and cycling, and, by the time he was a teenager, he was competing in triathlons and swimming competitions. Before his high-school graduation, the Junior National Cycling Team, part of the U.S. Cycling

Waco

2004-12-27T19:55:00.000-08:00

After the American Civil War Waco became a river-bridge crossing on cattle trails; later its economy was based almost exclusively on cotton,

Headphone

2004-12-26T06:24:00.000-08:00

Small loudspeaker (earphone) held over the ear by a band or wire worn on the head. Headphones are commonly employed in situations in which levels of surrounding noise are high, as in an airplane cockpit, or where a user such as a switchboard operator needs to keep the hands free, or where the listener is moving about or wants to listen without disturbing other people. A

Scandinavian Literature, Norwegian

2004-12-25T20:19:00.000-08:00

In the 1890s established Norwegian writers came under fire from the new generation. The manifesto of new ideas was an essay published in 1890 in the periodical Samtiden (�The Present Age�) by Knut Hamsun, �Fra det ubevidste Sjaeleliv� (�From the Unconscious Life of the Mind�), which demanded attention to what was individual and idiosyncratic rather than typical. Hamsun was impatient

Moli�re

2004-12-24T11:50:00.000-08:00

Although the sacred and secular authorities of 17th-century France often combined against him, the genius of Moli�re finally emerged to win him acclaim. Comedy had a long history before Moli�re, who employed most of its traditional forms, but he succeeded in inventing

Safid Mountain Range

2004-12-23T19:24:00.000-08:00

Also called �Morga Range, �Pashto �Selseleh-ye Safid Kuh, or Selseleh-ye Spin Ghar, � mountain range forming a natural frontier between Pakistan and Afghanistan, extending westward for 100 miles (160 km) from the Vale of Peshawar (Pakistan) to the Lowrah Valley (Afghanistan). The boundary between the two countries runs along the summit of the range, which reaches a height of 15,600 feet (4,760 m) in the west at the point where the boundary turns southward. The range forms an almost

Argentina, The Gran Chaco

2004-12-22T22:05:00.000-08:00

The harsh physical conditions of the Gran

Arrowhead

2004-12-21T08:43:00.000-08:00

Any freshwater plant of the genus Sagittaria, consisting of about 20 species distributed worldwide, having leaves resembling arrowpoints. Arrowhead is a perennial herb with fleshy, or tuberous, roots that grows in shallow lakes, ponds, and streams. The flowers have three rounded petals. The tubers of some North American species were eaten by Indians and

Colosseum

2004-12-20T00:48:00.000-08:00

Originally called �Flavian Amphitheatre� giant amphitheatre built in Rome under the Flavian emperors. Construction of the Colosseum was begun sometime between AD 70 and 72 during the reign of Vespasian; the structure was officially dedicated in AD 80 by Titus in a ceremony that included 100 days of games. Later, in AD 82, Domitian completed the work by adding the uppermost story. Unlike earlier amphitheatres, which were nearly

Lizard, Locomotion and limb adaptations

2004-12-18T09:09:00.000-08:00

The majority of lizards are quadrupedal, with powerful limb musculature. They are capable of rapid acceleration and possess great ability to change direction of motion rapidly. The racerunners (Cnemidophorus) can attain speeds of 24 kilometres (15 miles) per hour, which, in terms of their own body length, puts them in a class with fast terrestrial mammals. A tendency toward

Induction

2004-12-17T16:27:00.000-08:00

In embryology, process by which the presence of one tissue influences the development of others. Certain tissues, especially in very young embryos, apparently have the potential to direct the differentiation of adjacent cells. Absence of the inducing tissue results in lack of or improper development of the induced tissue. The converse is often true as well; i.e., the

Dewantoro, Ki Hadjar

2004-12-16T06:02:00.000-08:00

Dewantoro was born into a noble family of Jogjakarta

Vajira�anavarorasa

2004-12-15T13:57:00.000-08:00

Vajira�ana was a son of King Mongkut and spent, by his own account, a youth of profligate luxury. Early contact with a scholarly and ascetic Scottish physician, Peter Gowan, and Prince

Osaka

2004-12-14T20:16:00.000-08:00

Fu (urban prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It is bordered by Kyoto urban prefecture (north) and by the ken (prefectures) of Hyogo (northwest), Nara (east), and Wakayama (south) and by Osaka Bay (southeast). It includes the industrial city of Osaka and numerous industrial and residential suburbs. The main industries in the urban prefecture manufacture iron and steel products, textiles, chemicals,

Liber And Libera

2004-12-13T16:20:00.000-08:00

In Roman religion, a pair of fertility and cultivation deities of uncertain origin. Liber, though an old and native Italian deity, came to be identified with Dionysus. The triad Ceres, Liber, and Libera (his female counterpart) represented in Rome, from early times and always under Greek influence, the Eleusinian Demeter, Iacchus-Dionysus, and Kore (Persephone). At the festival

Aleixandre, Vicente

2004-12-12T18:57:00.000-08:00

Aleixandre was the son of a railway engineer. He studied law and business management and from 1920 to 1922 taught commercial law. He became seriously ill in 1925 and during

Murrumbidgee River

2004-12-11T01:36:00.000-08:00

Major right-bank tributary of the Murray River, rising on the western slope of the Eastern Highlands (20 mi [32 km] north of Kiandra), in southeastern New South Wales, Australia. It flows at first southeastward and then, after a remarkable fishhook bend, directly northward through the Australian Capital Territory. At Yass it trends westward, being joined by the Lachlan between